Prevalencia de baixa acuidade visual em escolares / Prevalence of visual disorders in school children

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiologico de disfuncao da acuidade visual (AV), possiveis disturbios oculares e a frequencia ao atendimento oftalmologico, de escolares do municipio de Itauna, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Posteriormente objetivou-se o encaminhamento ao especialista para correcao das anormalidades. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com populacao avaliada de 432 alunos da rede publica de ensino. Os individuos foram avaliados pelo metodo Snellen e a faixa etaria da amostra variou de 4 a 17 anos. Os dados foram colhidos e sistematizados. Foram encaminhados para o servico de Oftalmologia aqueles que possuiam AV ≤ 0,7 em pelo menos um dos olhos. Resultados: Dos 432 alunos avaliados neste estudo 14,5% apresentaram baixa AV, quando avaliados pelo teste de Snellen. Destes, 61,9 % pertenciam ao sexo feminino. A faixa etaria em que houve maior prevalencia de baixa visao foram escolares de 15 a 17 anos. A maioria apresentou alteracao em ambos os olhos e 60% dos alunos avaliados declararam nunca terem passado por uma consulta oftalmologica. Dos alunos que compareceram as consultas, a maioria foi diagnosticada com erros de refracao e necessitou de correcao otica. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a parcela significativa dos individuos avaliados apresentou baixa visao e necessitou de encaminhamento oftalmologico. Alem disso, observou-se a inexistencia de consultas oftalmológicas anteriores em grande parte dos escolares. Esse fato reforca, diante dos orgaos publicos de saude, a necessidade de implantar sistemas de triagem visual nas escolas e oferecer assistencia a esses estudantes, objetivando melhorias em seu aprendizado e qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of visual acuity (VA) dysfunction, the possible ocular disorders and the frequency of ophthalmologic care of school children from the city of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a population of 432 students in the public schools. The individuals were evaluated by the Snellen method and the sample age ranged from 4 to 17 years. Data were collected and systematized. Those who had VA ≤ 0.7 in at least one eye were referred to the ophthalmology service. Results: Of the 432 students evaluated in this study, 14.5% presented low VA, when evaluated by the Snellen test. Of these, 61.9% were female. The age group with the highest prevalence of low vision were schoolchildren aged 15 to 17 years. The majority presented alteration in both eyes and 60% of the evaluated students stated that they had never had an ophthalmological consultation. Of the students who attended the consultations, most were diagnosed with refractive errors and needed optical correction. Conclusion: The results showed that a significant portion of the individuals evaluated had low vision and required ophthalmologic referral. In addition, there was no previous ophthalmological consultation in most of the schoolchildren. This fact reinforces to public health agencies, the need to implement visual screening systems in schools and offer assistance to these students, with the aim of improvements in their learning and quality of life

Análise dos efeitos adversos associados ao uso do anorexígeno sibutramina: revisão sistemática / Analysis of the adverse effects associated with the use of the anorexiant sibutramine: Systematic Review

Introdução: nos dias atuais, a obesidade tornou-se um problema de saúde pública em escala global. Entre os tratamentos disponíveis, destaca-se o uso da sibutramina. Entretanto, este fármaco apresentou diversos efeitos adversos (EA), sendo os de maior relevância os cardiovasculares. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a terapia com a sibutramina traz malefícios à saúde humana. Métodos: a revisão sistemática foi realizada seguindo o protocolo PRISMA para revisões sistemáticas e utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciElo. Nestas, buscaram-se estudos publicados entre 2006 e 2016, utilizando-se dos descritores "sibutramine" e "adverse effects" junto com o operador booleano "AND". Resultados: dezoito artigos, das 479 publicações encontradas, atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, sendo, então, utilizados para compor a presente revisão. Os EA mais encontrados foram complicações cardiocirculatórias (66,6%), sendo as mais frequentes a taquicardia e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). Adicionalmente a esses, a constipação intestinal e a boca seca/xerostomia (55,5%), cefaleia e insônia (38,8%) e alterações de humor (26,6%) também foram relatados. Além disso, o tratamento com sibutramina mostrou-se eficaz na perda de peso em 88,88% dos estudos analisados. Conclusão: apesar da terapêutica com sibutramina ter apresentado efetividade na redução de peso, não se pode concluir acerca da segurança desse fármaco.(AU)

Introcuction: in the modern times, obesity has become a global health problem. Sibutramine stands out among the available treatments. However, this drug is associated to several adverse events (AE), being the cardiovascular the most relevant ones. Objetive: the aim of this study was to evaluate whether therapy with sibutramine is harmful to human health. Methods: the systematic review was performed following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews and using the databases PubMed, LILACS and SciElo, aiming for studies published between 2006 and 2016. For the search of the papers, the descriptors "sibutramine" and "adverse effects" were used, together with the boolean operator "AND". Results: eighteen studies of 479 publications met the inclusion criteria, and were used in the present review. The main AE founded after the analysis of the articles were cardiocirculatory complications (66.6%), with more frequent tachycardia and systemic arterial hypertension. In addition, intestinal constipation and dry mouth/xerostomia (55.5%), headache and insomnia (38.8%) and mood alteration (26.6%) were also reported. Furthermore, treatment with sibutramine was effective in reducing weight in 88.88% of the studies analyzed. Conclusion: although sibutramine therapy has an effective effect on weight reduction, the safety of the drug is not proved.(AU)

Synthetic phosphoethanolamine: the state of the art of scientific production

ABSTRACT Cancer is a multifactorial disease and a serious public health problem. Currently, alternative drug treatments for cancer are actively being sought, which is the case of synthetic phosphoethanolamine (PHOS-S), a compound that could possibly have anticarcinogenic effects. To analyze the available scientific evidence to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effects of in vivo and in vitro PHOS-S. A systematic literature review of scientific articles aimed at evaluating the anticarcinogenic potential of PHOS-S, in vivo and in vitro, using the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciElo, CAPES Portal and LILACS. The selected papers suggest a possible anticarcinogenic effect of PHOS-S by inhibiting tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle blockade as well as cytotoxic potential against leukemia cells. However, a possible stimulatory effect of tumor growth was also observed. Although some of the evaluated studies indicated a possible anticarcinogenic effect of PHOS-S, the limitations of these studies must be evaluated. Most were performed by the same research group, and in the scientific literature, we identified only preclinical studies (in cells or in animals). No human study has been published. Thus, more studies are needed to confirm the anticarcinogenic capacity of PHOS-S.